Description
AV-FUSION (KLOW Blend): Four-Peptide Research Formulation
AV-FUSION, also referred to as the KLOW blend or KLOW stack, is a lyophilized formulation combining GHK-Cu, BPC-157, TB-500 and KPV in one sealed 80 mg research vial.
The four peptides are freeze-dried together as a single powder, providing a fixed composition for laboratory research. The addition of KPV distinguishes this formulation from three-component blends containing GHK-Cu, BPC-157 and TB-500.
Four-Peptide Composition
Each 80 mg vial is listed as containing the following research peptides:
- GHK-Cu (50 mg): A copper-binding tripeptide consisting of glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine complexed with copper(II).
- BPC-157 (10 mg): A synthetic 15-amino-acid peptide represented by the sequence GEPPPGKPADDAGLV.
- TB-500 (10 mg): Listed in PubChem as an acetylated seven-residue peptide fragment associated with thymosin beta-4.
- KPV (10 mg): A tripeptide composed of lysine, proline and valine, corresponding to residues 11–13 of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH).
About KPV and Its Research Background
KPV is the fourth peptide that differentiates AV-FUSION from the three-peptide formulation. Research involving KPV has been documented in experimental models for several decades.
In 1989, Hiltz and Lipton published research in the FASEB Journal comparing the alpha-MSH(11–13) peptide fragment with saline and a corticosteroid in a mouse ear-swelling model.
View the 1989 research publication on PubMed
In 2008, Dalmasso and colleagues at Emory University published research in Gastroenterology examining KPV uptake through PepT1, a dipeptide and tripeptide transporter. Their experiments investigated NF-kappa-B signalling in human intestinal epithelial cell lines and Jurkat T cells, with additional work in two chemically induced mouse colitis models.
View the 2008 research publication on PubMed
Understanding the Research Limitations
Both referenced publications investigated KPV individually, rather than the combined four-peptide AV-FUSION formulation.
A PubMed search covering BPC-157, TB-500 or thymosin beta-4, GHK-Cu and KPV did not identify a publication specifically describing all four components together as of October 16, 2026.
Consequently, findings involving individual peptides should not be interpreted as established findings for the combined formulation.
View the combined-peptide literature search on PubMed
KLOW Blend vs. KLOW Stack
KLOW is a commercial formulation name rather than an established chemical designation. Although the terms “blend” and “stack” are sometimes used interchangeably, they describe different product formats.
A peptide stack generally refers to separate peptides supplied in individual vials. A peptide blend contains multiple peptides combined into a single preparation.
AV-FUSION is a four-peptide blend, with all four components supplied together as one freeze-dried powder in a fixed listed ratio.
AV-FUSION is intended exclusively for nonclinical laboratory research. It is not approved for human or veterinary use, and no therapeutic or clinical claims are made regarding the combined formulation. Refer to applicable laboratory safety procedures and verified batch-specific documentation.

